Labial Reduction Guide for Laminate Veneer Preparation

This article describes a method of fabricating a labial reduction guide for laminate veneer preparations by using a digital tire tread depth gauge and orthodontic wire. The labial reduction guide can help clinicians to achieve accurate reduction of the labial surface. Minimally invasive porcelain laminate veneers have become a popular option in esthetic dentistry. Porcelain laminate veneers require only 25% to 50% of the amount of tooth reduction required for complete coverage restorations.Nevertheless, adequate labial reduction is important in creating optimal esthetics. However, excessive reduction can lead to compromised bond strength due to penetration of the enamel surface. Typically, the appropriate reduction is determined from a diagnostic waxing, and then a silicone index or thermoplastic matrix is made to guide preparation. Verifying the amount of reduction during tooth preparation from the guide can be problematic because the range of labial reduction for laminate veneers is small (0.3 to 0.9 mm). Freehand labial reduction can result in insufficient tooth removal.The purpose of this article was to describe the fabrication and use of a labial reduction guide (LRG) for laminate veneers

Custom Total Occlusal Convergence Angle Sticker Fabrication

This article describes a method of fabricating a custom total occlusal convergence angle sticker with photo editing software and label stickers. The custom total occlusal convergence angle sticker can help clinicians achieve an accurate degree of taper during axial wall reduction of tooth preparation

THE TRADE IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA: THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE RATE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION

The pattern of trade between the United States and China has dramatically changed during the past 15 years. Until 1992, the commodity trade volume between the two countries was around $10 billion per year, but it grew to$60 billion in 1999. Because China has kept its currency (yuan or renminbi) pegged to the U.S. dollar since 1994, its current large trade surplus with the United States has led some critics to claim that the yuan is undervalued. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of the U.S.-China bilateral exchange rate on the pattern of trade between the two countries after controlling for alternative factors influencing U.S.-Chinese bilateral trade flows. The results suggested that the U.S-China bilateral exchange rate does not have an important role in explaining bilateral trade between the two countries, while the relative exchange rate between the United States and the South-East Asian countries are more important in explaining the trade imbalance between the United States and China.International Relations/Trade,

Dilaton as a Dark Matter Candidate and its Detection

Assuming that the dilaton is the dark matter of the universe, we propose an experiment to detect the relic dilaton using the electromagnetic resonant cavity, based on the dilaton-photon conversion in strong electromagnetic background. We calculate the density of the relic dilaton, and estimate the dilaton mass for which the dilaton becomes the dark matter of the universe. With this we calculate the dilaton detection power in the resonant cavity, and compare it with the axion detection power in similar resonant cavity experiment.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figure